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Papers On History Of Psychology /Psychology Theorists & Theories
Page 7 of 42
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Cognitive Psychology: Prototype and Causal Based Theories of Category Formation
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This is an 8 page paper comparing and contrasting the prototype and causal-based theories of category formation. In cognitive psychology, category formation is considered one of the most fundamental aspects of understanding mental representation. Within the area of category formation however, there are several theories which appear to conflict in some aspects. Two of these theories are the prototype theory of category formation and the causal theory of category formation. In the most basic sense, the prototype theory argues that individuals categorize items based on the typicality level of the objects in comparison with the “prototype” concept or image that an individual has. When new objects are encountered by an individual, a comparison of features based on prototypes takes place until that object is categorized. From a causal model theory perspective however, the categorization process also takes into account prior knowledge and theories of how the world works in addition to the causal relationships between features. Causal theorists find that the prototype theories base categorization from an independent and “probabilistic” viewpoint whereas individuals in fact use their causal knowledge in order to categorize and build relationships conceptually.
Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: TJcform1.rtf
Collective memory and social history
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A paper which considers the psychological concept of collective memory with particular reference to its importance in the study of social history. Bibliography lists 5 sources
Filename: JLcollmem.rtf
Comparing Sigmund Freud and Alfred Adler
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This 8 page report
discusses two of the most noted pioneers in the fields of
psychoanalytic psychology. Sigmund Freud’s influence throughout
the past century has served to shape a great deal of the
attitudes and beliefs of Western society. But it is important to
understand that Freud was not alone in his contribution to the
realm of psychology and understanding the development of the
human personality and spirit, as well as how people interact with
one another. Alfred Adler (1870–1937) also proposed theories and
ideas that have been incorporated in the mainstream of
present-day theory and practice of psychology and
psychopathology. This paper compares their points of view
regarding a number of issues. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: BWsigalf.wps
Comparing the “Oedipus Complex” with the “Electra Complex”
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This
6 page report discusses the idea that a child is fascinated,
obsessed even, with the parent of the opposite sex has served as
a literary and psychological debate since, literally, ancient
times. Freud saw this as a universal part of childhood
development, which in most children is resolved during late
childhood. For Freud, the beginnings of the Oedipus complex are
the same for males and females. They love their mother because
she satisfies their needs, and they hate their father because he
competes for the mother's attention and love. Bibliography lists
5 sources.
Filename: BWdadma.wps
Compensation in Terms of Maslow
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A 15 page paper discussing compensation and job analysis in terms of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. The paper provides a thorough discussion of each of Maslow’s five hierarchical levels to conclude that the organization that can remain cognizant of Maslow's hierarchy of needs when designing or altering its compensation schedules can expect to be better able to define levels at which its employees operate. Compensation certainly is a part of the total employment package, but it is not the largest part. According to Maslow, people seek to belong to the organization and then realize their own potential. When the employee is able to find this path at work, then the organization for which s/he works benefits as well. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: KShrCompMas.rtf
Concepts and Analysis of Stephen J. Gould’s Essay “Dolly’s Fashion and Louis’s Passion”
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This is a 4 page paper discussing Gould’s essay “Dolly’s Fashion and Louis’s Passion”. Anthropologist Stephen J. Gould questions in his essay “Dolly’s Fashion and Louis’s Passion” (2000) man’s presumed need to always present components within the world in categories and dichotomies. He argues that human life is filled with such “foibles” and conflicts as firstly “our need to create order in a complex world begets our worst mental habit: dichotomy” and second that “many deep questions about our loves and livelihood, and fates of nations, truly have no answers”. One of the most prevalent dichotomies which seems to annoy Gould the most and which leads man down many false paths is that of the “nature versus nurture” debate; or the “genetic versus environmental sources of human abilities and behaviors”. The fact this question is always an “either-or dichotomy verges on the nonsensical” according to Gould. He then proceeds to highlight two particular modern readings in which the scientific perspective (nature) is presented but the environmental (nurture) perspective is ignored because of today’s preference for the scientific theory. Despite the current trend of today, Gould and some educators do not ignore the centuries of debate which have also discussed the nurture component and more importantly for Gould, readers should be aware that this debate (and others) should not be considered as “either-or”.
Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: TJGould1.rtf
Concepts in Psychology
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This 6 page paper provides an overview of specific psychological concepts in three separate sections. One talks about different types of psychologists inclusive of the Freudian psychologist and the object relations therapist. The second section compares the learning and psychodynamic approaches, and looks at positive and negative aspects of each and the third section looks at concepts in Kleinian theory. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: SA20Psych.wps
Conditioning Theory: Examples from Everyday Life
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An 8 page discussion of conditioning theory. Outlines the theories of B.F. Skinner and provides examples from everyday life, examples such as that of a child learning appropriate table manners from his parents, to illustrate those theories. Explores terminology such as conditioned verses unconditioned stimuli and response, punishment, reward, instrumental, operant, etc. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: PPcondtn.wps
Conducting Group Research in a Community
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This 9 page paper provides an overview of how to conduct group-based research in a community. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: MHGroRes.rtf
Consumer Protection
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This 6 page paper considers the protection that is given to consumers under UK law when goods bought are unsafe. The paper looks at the Sale of Goods Act 1979 (as amended) and the Consumer Protection Act 1987. The bibliography cites 8 sources.
Filename: TEconsmr.rtf
Contributions of Freud
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A 9 page paper which examines the life and contributions of
Sigmund Freud to the field of psychology. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: RAfreud3.rtf
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